Learning mechanisms of e-collars (operant conditioning)

This is not to discuss ethics but only the mechanisms, i.e. in which situations and / or setting do they work as a punisher or the cue for a motivator. Neither is it an evaluation of whether or not these gadgets work, they do, we know this.

Ethics and whether or not punishment based education gives us the desired behaviour and the desired state of mind should be discussed elsewhere, if people are interested I submit a video for this discussion too, however all parties who want to take part in this discussion should understand the correct terminology otherwise it is pointless.